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1 As per the latest estimates from the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.

2 The Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) are a research data set summarizing the views on the quality of governance provided by a large number of enterprises, citizen and expert survey respondents in industrial and developing countries. These data are gathered from a number of survey institutes, think tanks, nongovernmental organizations, international organizations, and private sector firms. The WGI do not reflect the official views of the World Bank, its Executive Directors, or the countries they represent. The WGI are not used by the World Bank Group to allocate resources.

3 The 2021 update to the World Bank Group’s Systematic Country Diagnostic identified these as development constraints with a high potential for reducing fragility and conflict in the country (World Bank 2021j).

4 The Global Climate Risk Index is a composite of four indicators of human and economic loss from an insurance industry database: fatalities (both absolute and as a share of the population) and economic losses (both absolute and as a share of gross domestic product).

1 See the following analyses: Higher Fuel and Food Prices (FY09); Infrastructure Corridors, Growth, and Welfare: Comparative Study of the Corridors of Beira and Nacala, Africa (FY09); Community Land Delimitation and Local Development (FY11); Poly Note: Rural Land Taxation in Mozambique (FY11); Analysis of Public Expenditure in Agriculture (FY12); and Mozambique Agricultural Sector Risk Assessment (FY15).

2 A similar conclusion had been drawn in Mozambique—Beating the Odds: Sustaining Inclusion in a Growing Economy (World Bank 2008), but it did not influence the operational strategy until 2016.

3 According to the program document, the classified road network—primary, secondary, tertiary, and vicinal—is 30,464 kilometers, 24 percent of it paved. This is equivalent to a road density of 2.9 kilometers per 100 square kilometers of land, which is relatively low compared with neighboring countries such as Kenya (10.8 kilometers per 100 square kilometers) and Tanzania (5.5 kilometers per 100 square kilometers).

4 Nampula and Zambezia were the provinces receiving significant support from the World Bank. Although this analysis assumes that the volume of World Bank investments is sufficiently large to influence provincial changes in productivity, these results nevertheless confirm the micro-level results in the previous paragraph.

1 Data sets included the following: Mozambique Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys, Demographic and Health Surveys, National Household Surveys on Living Conditions, Population Census, Family Budget Household Surveys, National Institute for Social Security, physical infrastructure databases, and other sources such as nighttime lights data, along with the World Bank’s Education Statistics, the International Disaster Database, and the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization.

2 The analysis used only location as reported in project documents. Data on commitments by location were not available to be included in the analysis.

1 The fiscal years 2012–16 Country Partnership Strategy noted that the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank had upgraded Mozambique to a higher-capacity country with regard to nonconcessional borrowing capacity because of improvements to the country’s medium-term debt strategies and the government’s completion of an annual debt sustainability analysis (World Bank 2012a).

1 The climate change DPO series was implemented between 2012 and 2016 and originally included three series. DPO series 1 and 2 were disbursed between 2013 and 2015 on the completion of policy and institutional reforms carried out by the government between 2012 and 2013 and between 2013 and 2015. Additional reforms were implemented between 2015 and 2016 for the DPO series 3, which was dropped by the end of 2016 because of the cancellation of budget support after the disclosure of the hidden debts.

2 The memorandum of understanding between the National Institute of Disaster Management, Mozambique National Meteorology Institute, and National Directorate of Water Resources Management was elevated to a regulation through Decree n.27/2022, which adopted the regulations for the operationalization of the integrated platform for the dissemination and communication of flood and cyclones early-warning information to end users, including the local committees for disaster risk management.

3 With support from the Mozambique Disaster Risk Management and Resilience Program, the government enacted a Ministerial Diploma (n.122/2021) adopting technical norms for climate-resilient education infrastructure in October 2021. These norms are guiding the resilient reconstruction of 3,000 classrooms under the project.