Addison, Douglas, and Benjamin Stewart. 2015. “Nighttime Lights Revisited: The Use of Nighttime Lights Data as a Proxy for Economic Variables.” Policy Research Working Paper 7496, World Bank, Washington, DC.

AfDB (African Development Bank), Government of Morocco, and MCC (Millennium Challenge Corporation). 2015. Morocco’s Growth Diagnostic: Identifying Morocco’s Binding Constraints to Broad-Based Growth. Abidjan: AfDB; Rabat: Government of Morocco; Washington, DC: MCC.

AfDB (African Development Bank), EBRD (European Bank for Reconstruction and Development), and EIB (European Investment Bank). 2021. Private Sector Development in Morocco: Challenges and Opportunities in Times of COVID-19. Abidjan: AfDB; London: EBRD; Luxembourg: EIB.

Alkire, Sabina, and Maria Emma Santos. 2014. “Measuring Acute Poverty in the Developing World: Robustness and Scope of the Multidimensional Poverty Index.” World Development 59: 251–274.

Alkire, Sabina, Usha Kanagaratnam, and Nicolai Suppa. 2021. “The Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) 2021.” MPI Methodological Note 51, Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative, University of Oxford, Oxford.

Ametan, Theo, and Dominique Fruchter. 2022. “Morocco Corporate Payment Survey: Shortened Delays in 2021.” Coface Economic Publication, Coface, Bois-Colombes. https://www.coface.com/news-publications/publications/morocco-payment-survey-2021.

Aourraz, Rachid. 2020. Doing Business in Morocco: Significant Achievements but Merely on Paper. Rabat: Moroccan Institute for Policy Analysis.

Arab Barometer. 2017. Morocco Five Years after the Arab Uprisings: Findings from the Arab Barometer. Princeton: Arab Barometer.

Arab Barometer. 2019. Arab Barometer V: Morocco Country Report. Princeton: Arab Barometer.

Arezki, Rabah, Meriem Ait Ali Slimane, Andrea Barone, Klaus Decker, Dag Detter, Rachel Yuting Fan, Ha Nguyen, Graciela Miralles Murciego, and Lemma Senbet. 2019. Reaching New Heights: Promoting Fair Competition in the Middle East and North Africa. Washington, DC: World Bank.

Arezki, Rabah, Meriem Ait Ali Slimane, Andrea Barone, Klaus Decker, Dag Detter, Rachel Yuting Fan, Ha Nguyen, Graciela Miralles Murciego, and Lemma Senbet. 2020. Reaching New Heights: Promoting Fair Competition in the Middle East and North Africa. Middle East and North Africa Economic Update October 2019. Washington, DC: World Bank.

Avtar, Ram, Ridhika Aggarwal, Ali Kharrazi, Pankaj Kumar, and Tonni Agustiono Kurniawan. 2020. “Utilizing Geospatial Information to Implement SDGs and Monitor Their Progress.” Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 192 (1): 35.

Aziz, Teymour Abdel. 2013. “Supporting Access to Finance for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises with Partial Credit Guarantees: The Moroccan Experience.” MENA Knowledge and Learning Quick Notes Series 94, World Bank, Washington, DC.

BAM (Bank Al-Maghrib). 2018. Strategie nationale d’inclusion financiere. Rabat: BAM et Ministère de L’economie et des Finances. https://www.afi-global.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/SNIF-maroc-.pdf.

Bakour, Chafik, and Mohamed Yassine Abahamid. 2019. “Regional Disparities in Development in Morocco: Statistical Analyses Using Dispersion Indicators and Multidimensional Techniques.” MPRA Paper 97105, Munich Personal RePEc Archive, Munich.

Berahab, Rim, Chami Abdelilah, Derj Atar, Hammi Ibtissem, Morazzo Mariano, Naciri Yassine, and Zarkik Afaf. 2021. “La trajectoire de décarbonisation du Maroc.” Policy Brief PB-26/21, Policy Center for the New South, Rabat.

CESE (Conseil Économique, Social et Environnemental). 2013. Initiative Nationale pour le Développement Humain: analyse et recommandations. Rapport du Conseil Economique, Social et Environnemental. Rabat: CESE.

CESE (Conseil Économique, Social et Environnemental). 2019. Le Nouveau Modèle de Développement du Maroc: contribution du Conseil Économique, Social et Environnemental. Rabat: CESE.

Chauffour, Jean-Pierre. 2018. Morocco 2040: Emerging by Investing in Intangible Capital. Directions in Development. Washington, DC: World Bank.

Choukri, Jalil. 2019. “Comment Al Barid Bank concilie rentabilité et missions citoyennes.” Medias24, May 24, 2019. https://medias24.com/2019/05/24/comment-al-barid-bank-concilie-rentabilite-et-missions-citoyennes.

Confédération Générale des Entreprises du Maroc. 2014. Étude sur les leviers de la compétitivité des entreprises marocaines: synthèse de l’étude. Casablanca: Confédération Générale des Entreprises du Maroc.

Croitoru, Leila, and Maria Sarraf. 2018. “How Much Does Environmental Degradation Cost? The Case of Morocco.” Journal of Environmental Protection 9 (3): 254–265.

CSEFRS (Conseil Supérieur de l’Éducation, de la Formation et de la Recherche Scientifique). 2014. Rapport analytique—La mise en oeuvre de la Charte Nationale d’Éducation et de Formation 2000–2013: acquis, déficits et défis. Rabat: CSEFRS.

CSMD (Commission Spéciale sur le Modèle de Développement). 2021. Le Nouveau Modèle de Développement: Libérer les énergies et restaurer la confiance pour accélérer la marche vers le progrès et la prospérité pour tous—rapport général. Rabat: CSMD.

Custer, Samantha, Zachary Rice, Takaaki Masaki, Rebecca Latourell, and Bradley Parks. 2015. Listening to Leaders: Which Development Partners Do They Prefer and Why? Williamsburg: AidData.

Dadush, Uri. 2018. “Youth Unemployment in the Middle East and North Africa, and the Morocco Case.” Policy Paper, Policy Center for the New South, Rabat.

Deloitte. 2013. Caisse Central de Garantie: etude d’impact du système national de garantie en faveur des PME. Rabat: Deloitte.

Devarajan, Shanta, and Lili Mottaghi. 2015. “Towards a New Social Contract.” Middle East and North Africa Economic Monitor, April 2015, World Bank, Washington, DC.

EBRD (European Bank for Reconstruction and Development). 2012. Country Assessment: Morocco. London: EBRD.

El-Kogali, Safaa, Caroline Krafft, Touhami Abdelkhalek, Mohamed Benkassmi, Monica Chavez, Lucy Bassett, and Fouzia Ejjanoui. 2016. “Inequality of Opportunity in Early Childhood Development in Morocco over Time.” Policy Research Working Paper 7670, World Bank, Washington, DC.

Elvidge, Christopher D., Mikhail Zhizhin, Tilottama Ghosh, Feng-Chi Hsu, and Jay Taneja. 2021. “Annual Time Series of Global VIIRS Nighttime Lights Derived from Monthly Averages: 2012 to 2019.” Remote Sensing 13 (5): 922.

Finances News. 2017. “Conseil de la Concurrence: une institution constitutionnelle, en quasi-chômage pour l’instant.” Finances News Hebdo, April 27, 2017.

Gonnet, Laurent, and Xavier Reille. 2017. “Financing Innovation for MSME: Challenges and Solutions to Accelerate Growth.” Lessons Learned from Morocco Presentation for 10th Donor Steering Committee Meeting, MENA MSME Facility, World Bank, Washington, DC.

Hanieh, Adam. 2015. “Shifting Priorities or Business as Usual? Continuity and Change in the post-2011 IMF and World Bank Engagement with Tunisia, Morocco and Egypt.” British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 42 (1): 119–134.

HCP (Haut Commissariat au Plan). 2020. Les indicateurs sociaux du Maroc 2019. Casablanca: HCP.

IFC (International Finance Corporation). 2018. Morocco Country Strategy FY19–22. Washington, DC: IFC.

IFC (International Finance Corporation). 2019. Creating Markets in Morocco: A Second Generation of Reforms—Boosting Private Sector Growth, Job Creation and Skills Upgrading. Country Private Sector Diagnostic. Washington, DC: IFC.

IMF (International Monetary Fund). 2019. “Morocco: 2019 Article IV Consultation—Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Morocco.” IMF Country Report 19/230, IMF, Washington, DC. https://www.imf.org/~/media/Files/Publications/CR/2019/1MAREA2019003.ashx.

IMF (International Monetary Fund). 2021. “Morocco: 2020 Article IV Consultation—Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Morocco.” IMF Country Report 21/2, IMF, Washington, DC.

IRES (Institut Royal des Etudes Stratégiques). 2013. Les accords de libre-échange conclus par le Maroc: quelles incidences sur la compétitivité globale du Maroc? Rabat: IRES.

Lehner, Bernhard, Kristine Verdin, and Andrew Jarvis. 2008. “New Global Hydrography Derived from Spaceborne Elevation Data.” Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union 89 (10): 93–94.

Lehner, Bernhard, and Günther Grill. 2013. “Global River Hydrography and Network Routing: Baseline Data and New Approaches to Study the World’s Large River Systems.” Hydrological Processes 27 (15): 2171–2186.

Lipson, Rachel, Salim Benouniche, Abdoulaye Keita, and Khadija Faridi. 2014. “Public Procurement Reform in Morocco.” MENA Knowledge and Learning Quick Notes Series 117, World Bank, Washington, DC.

Lopez-Acevedo, Gladys, Gordon Betcherman, Ayache Khellaf, and Vasco Molini. 2021a. Morocco’s Jobs Landscape: Identifying Constraints to an Inclusive Labor Market. Washington, DC: World Bank Group.

Lopez-Acevedo, Gladys, Florencia Devoto, Matías Morales, and Jaime Roche Rodriguez. 2021b. “Trends and Determinants of Female Labor Force Participation in Morocco: An Initial Exploratory Analysis.” Policy Research Working Paper 9591, World Bank, Washington, DC.

MAGG (Ministère des Affaires Générales et de la Gouvernance). 2015a. La convergence des politiques publiques: etat des lieux. Rabat: MAGG.

MAGG (Ministère des Affaires Générales et de la Gouvernance). 2015b. La convergence des politiques publiques: pistes d’action. Rabat: MAGG.

Maghnouj, Soumaya, Julie Bélanger, Marguerite Clarke, Elizabeth Fordham, Hannah Kitchen, and Isobel McGregor. 2018. Examens de l’OCDE du cadre d’évaluation de l’éducation: Maroc. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.

Medias24, Rédaction. 2022. “Retraite: le CESE alerte sur l’urgence de la réforme.” Medias24, February 3, 2022. https://medias24.com/2022/02/03/retraites-le-cese-alerte-sur-lurgence-de-la-reforme.

MENFPESRS (Ministère de l’Education Nationale, de la Formation Professionnelle, de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique). 2021. Bilan d’activité du ministère 2017–2021. Mise en oeuvre de la loi-cadre 51-17, MENFPESRS, Rabat.

Morocco, Cour des Comptes. 2017. Evaluation de l’expérience des Centres Régionaux d’Investissement. Rabat: Cour des Comptes.

Morocco, Cour des Comptes. 2018. Rapport relatif à l’évaluation du programme d’urgence: Ministère de l’Education Nationale. Rabat: Cour des Comptes.

Morocco, Government of. 2019a. Projet de Loi de Finances pour l’année budgétaire 2019: rapport sur les Etablissements et Entreprises Publics. Rabat: Ministère de l’Economie et des Finances.

Morocco, Government of. 2019b. Rapport Annuel 2019. Rabat: Conseil de la Concurrence.

Morocco, Government of. 2020. Rapport Annuel 2020. Rabat: Conseil de la Concurrence.

Nizard, Ruben. 2019. “Morocco Payment Survey 2019: Payment Terms to Remain Long.” Coface Economic Publication, Coface, Bois-Colombes.

OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). 2017a. Examen multidimensionnel du Maroc—Volume 1: Évaluation initiale. Paris: OECD.

OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). 2017b. Stocktaking Report: Morocco—Progress with Economic Governance Reforms. Paris: OECD.

OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). 2018a. Examen des statistiques d’investissements directs internationaux au Maroc. Paris: OECD.

OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). 2018b. Instrument de suivi des recommandations issues du Programme-pays Maroc de l’OCDE. Paris: OECD.

OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). 2018c. “Le rôle des stratégies sectorielles dans la cohérence des politiques publiques au Maroc.” In Examen multidimensionnel du Maroc—Volume 2: Analyse approfondie et recommandations. Paris: OECD.

OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). 2022. “Creditor Reporting System.” OECD. Stat, OECD, Paris. https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=crs1.

ONDH (Observatoire National du Développement Humain). 2017. La cartographie du développement local multidimensionnel: niveau et déficits. Rabat: ONDH.

Oxford Business Group. 2019. “Regulatory Reform and New Products to Bring Dynamism to Morocco’s Capital Markets.” In The Report: Morocco 2019. London: Oxford Business Group.

Pinto Moreira, Emmanuel. 2019. “Morocco’s Growth and Employment Prospects: Public Policies to Avoid the Middle-Income Trap.” Policy Research Working Paper 8769, World Bank, Washington, DC.

Robalino, David A., Edward Whitehouse, Anca N. Mataoanu, Alberto R. Musalem, Elisabeth Sherwood, and Oleksiy Sluchynsky. 2005. Pensions in the Middle East and North Africa: Time for Change. Washington, DC: World Bank. https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/ru/378971468299060779/pdf/343580paper0mn101official0use0only1.pdf.

Roberts, Mark. 2021. “Tracking Economic Activity in Response to the COVID-19 Crisis Using Nighttime Lights—The Case of Morocco.” Policy Research Working Paper 9538, World Bank, Washington, DC. https://openknowledge.worldbank .org/handle/10986/35130.

Rodell, M., P. R. Houser, U. Jambor, J. Gottschalck, K. Mitchell, C. Meng, K. Arsenault, B. Cosgrove, J. Radakovich, M. Bosilovich, J. K. Entin, J. P. Walker, D. Lohmann, and D. Toll. 2004. “The Global Land Data Assimilation System.” Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 85 (3): 381–394.

Semmar, Abderrahmane. 2012. “Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises in Morocco: Evolution and Perspectives.” In Towards New Arrangements for State Ownership in the Middle East and North Africa. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.

Tamamsani, Yasser Y., Joseph Brunet-Jailly, Abellatif Komat, and Fouzi Mourji. 2019. “Pour un modèle alternatif de développement du Maroc.” RéfÉco Working Paper 01/2019. http://refeco.org/pour-un-modele-alternatif-de-developpement-du-maroc.

USAID (United States Agency for International Development). 2009. Improving the Business Climate in Morocco: Regulatory Reform and Investment Promotion—Beyond Doing Business Final Report. Washington, DC: USAID.

WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization). 2021. Global Innovation Index 2021: Tracking Innovation through the COVID-19 Crisis. Geneva: WIPO.

World Bank. 2006. Morocco—Fostering Higher Growth and Employment with Productive Diversification and Competitiveness. Country Economic Memorandum. Washington, DC: World Bank.

World Bank. 2008. MILES Framework: Understanding Macroeconomic Conditions, Investment Climate and Infrastructure, Labor Market Regulations and Institutions, Education and Skills Development, and Social Protection in Morocco. Washington, DC: World Bank.

World Bank. 2009. Morocco—Country Partnership Strategy for the Period FY10–13. Washington, DC: World Bank.

World Bank. 2011. The Changing Wealth of Nations: Measuring Sustainable Development in the New Millennium. Washington, DC: World Bank.

World Bank. 2012a. Kingdom of Morocco: Country Program Strategy Mid-Term Review. Washington, DC: World Bank.

World Bank. 2012b. Kingdom of Morocco: Promoting Youth Opportunities and Participation. Washington, DC: World Bank.

World Bank. 2013. “Morocco—First Education Development Policy Loan.” Implementation Completion and Results Report ICR2495, World Bank, Washington, DC.

World Bank. 2014a. Identification for Development (ID4D): Identification Systems Analysis—Morocco. Country Assessment. Washington, DC: World Bank.

World Bank. 2014b. Morocco—Country Partnership Strategy for the Period FY2014–2017. Washington, DC: World Bank.

World Bank. 2014c. “Morocco—Review of Country Partnership Strategy for the Period FY2010–13.” Country Partnership Strategy Completion Report Review 87336, Independent Evaluation Group, World Bank, Washington, DC.

World Bank. 2014d. Morocco: Systems Approach for Better Education Results—Workforce Development. Washington, DC: World Bank.

World Bank. 2015a. Governance Reforms of State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs): Lessons from Four Case Studies (Egypt, Iraq, Morocco and Tunisia). Washington, DC: World Bank.

World Bank. 2015b. Morocco—Mind the Gap: Empowering Women for a More Open, Inclusive and Prosperous Society. Washington, DC: World Bank.

World Bank. 2016a. Kingdom of Morocco—Financial Inclusion: Technical Note. Washington, DC: World Bank.

World Bank. 2016b. “Morocco—Country Partnership Strategy for the Period FY2014–2017.” Performance and Learning Review 105894-MA, World Bank, Washington, DC.

World Bank. 2016c. Program-for-Results: An Early-Stage Assessment of the Process and Effects of a New Lending Instrument. Independent Evaluation Group. Washington, DC: World Bank.

World Bank. 2017. “Morocco—First and Second Economic Competitiveness Support Program Development Policy Loans.” Implementation Completion and Results Report ICR00004087, World Bank, Washington, DC.

World Bank. 2018. Kingdom of Morocco—Governing Towards Efficiency, Equity, Education and Endurance. Systematic Country Diagnostic. Washington, DC: World Bank.

World Bank. 2019a. Morocco—Country Partnership Framework for the Period FY19–FY24. Washington, DC: World Bank.

World Bank. 2019b. “Morocco—Review of Completion and Learning Review for FY14–17.” Completion and Learning Review Validation 134711, Independent Evaluation Group, World Bank, Washington, DC. https://ieg.worldbankgroup .org/sites/default/files/Data/reports/clrr_moroccofy1417.pdf.

World Bank. 2019c. “Morocco—Statistical Performance Indicators (SPI).” DataBank, World Bank, Washington, DC. https://databank.worldbank.org/source/statistical-performance-indicators-(spi).

World Bank. 2020a. “Morocco—First and Second Transparency and Accountability Development Policy Loan.” Project Performance Assessment Report 144554, Independent Evaluation Group, World Bank, Washington, DC.

World Bank. 2020b. Morocco Infrastructure Review. Washington, DC: World Bank.

World Bank. 2021a. “Macro Poverty Outlook for the Middle East and North Africa—Country-by-Country Analysis and Projections for the Developing World.” Paper presented at the Spring Meetings 2021 of the World Bank Group, Washington, DC, June 2021.

World Bank. 2021b. Morocco Economic Monitor: Building Momentum for Reform. Washington, DC: World Bank. https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/123031623861349683/pdf/Morocco-Economic-Monitor-Building-Momentum-for-Reform.pdf.

World Bank. 2022a. The Development Effectiveness of the Use of Doing Business Indicators, Fiscal Years 2010–20. Independent Evaluation Group. Washington, DC: World Bank.

World Bank. 2022b. “Morocco—Municipal Solid Waste Sector Development Policy Loans 1–4.” Project Performance Assessment Report 165279, Independent Evaluation Group, World Bank, Washington, DC.

World Bank. 2022c. “Poverty and Equity Brief: Morocco.” October 2022, World Bank, Washington, DC. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/poverty/publication/poverty-and-equity-briefs.

World Bank, GFDRR (Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery), and SDC (Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation). 2013. Building Morocco’s Resilience: Inputs for an Integrated Risk Management Strategy. Washington, DC: World Bank.

World Bank and ONDH (National Observatory for Human Development). 2015. “Assessing Targeting Performance of the RAMED and Tayssir Programs.” Policy Note, ONDH, Rabat.

World Bank Group. 2019. Morocco 2019 Country Profile. Enterprise Surveys. Washington, DC: World Bank Group.

World Bank Group and GFDRR (Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery). 2018. “Integrated Disaster Risk Management in Morocco: Managing Risk by Rewarding Results.” Results in Resilience Series, World Bank Group, Washington, DC. https://www.gfdrr.org/sites/default/files/publication/FINAL%20-%20Results%20in%20Resilience%20-%20Integrated%20Disaster%20Risk%20Management%20in%20Morocco%20-%204.24.18.pdf.

Zaki, Lamia. 2019. “Decentralization in Morocco: Promising Legal Reforms with Uncertain Impact.” Research Paper, Arab Reform Initiative, Paris.