Structured Literature Reviews
Appendix A Summary of Doing Business Interventions and Reforms
|
Doing Business Topic |
Doing Business Category |
Doing Business Indicators (What Was Measured) |
Related Reforms and Interventions |
|
Opening a business |
Starting a business |
Procedures, time, cost, and paid-in minimum capital to start a limited liability company for men and women |
Reduced business registration and post-registration costs (for example, licensing, permits, publication, company seal, filing fees); streamlined registration and post-registration procedures (for example, tax registration, social security registration, licensing); new (or improved) electronic services; one-stop shops for registration (or post-registration procedures or both); improved public infrastructure (for example, internal information systems and staffing); minimum capital requirement abolished (or reduced, or initial capital deposits held at a bank before registration); requirements to use a corporate seal abolished; improved notary systems (or reduced notary requirements); time limits on the registration process; and fast-track business registration process |
|
Getting a location |
Dealing with construction permits |
Procedures, time, and cost to complete all formalities to build a warehouse and the quality control and safety mechanisms in the construction permitting system |
Streamlined permit application procedures, stricter qualification requirements for architects and engineers, improved transparency and public access to information, reduced fees, one-stop shops, and new (or improved) electronic services |
|
Getting electricity |
Procedures, time, and cost to get connected to the electrical grid; the reliability of the electricity supply; and the transparency of tariffs |
Tariff transparency interventions, streamlined connection procedures, reduced connection costs, new (or improved) systems for regulating outages and service restoration, training programs for utility engineers, new (or improved) electronic services, power network modernization and capacity expansion, and compensation programs for customers affected by blackouts |
|
|
Registering property |
Procedures, time, and cost to transfer a property and the quality of the land administration system for men and women |
Streamlined registration procedures; improved transparency and provision of information on property registration (including land titles); reduced taxes or fees (for example, real estate taxes and notary, property, and sale registration fees); new (or improved) electronic services; one-stop shops; improved public infrastructure and staffing (for example, internal information systems); and fast-track registration process |
|
|
Financing |
Getting credit |
Movable collateral laws and credit information systems |
Unified (or modernized) collateral registry for movable property; introduction of a functional, secured transactions system; expanded range of movable assets that can be used as collateral; granting of absolute priority to secured creditors or allowing out-of-court enforcement; establishment or expansion of credit bureau (or registry); offering of credit scores by bureau or registry; and legal guarantees of borrowers’ right to inspect relevant data |
|
Protecting minority investors |
Minority shareholders’ rights in related-party transactions and in corporate governance |
Expanded shareholders’ rights and role in major corporate decisions, increased disclosure requirements for related-party transactions, increased director liability, clearer (or simplified) rules governing ownership and control structures, introduction of independent reviews of related-party transactions, and promotion of independent directors |
|
|
Dealing with day-to-day operations |
Paying taxes |
Payments, time, and total tax and contribution rate for a firm to comply with all tax regulations and post-filing processes |
Streamlined filing and payment procedures, new (or improved) electronic services, tax rate and social contribution reductions, more inclusive tax-deductible expenses, more comprehensive tax depreciation rules, reduced number of taxes (or merged taxes), streamlined value-added tax refund process, and streamlined tax audit processes |
|
Trading across borders |
Time and cost to export a product of comparative advantage and to import a standardized cargo of goods by sea |
Streamlined documentation requirements (for example, licenses and certificates); new (or improved) electronic services; improved border infrastructure; and improved custom clearance (or inspection) systems |
|
|
Operating in a secure business environment |
Enforcing contracts |
Time and cost to resolve a commercial dispute and the quality of judicial processes for men and women |
Streamlined civil procedures or enforcement rules, changes to method of case management or rules, new (or improved) electronic services, introduction (or expansion) of specialized commercial court and public personnel, introduction (or expansion) of alternative dispute resolution mechanism, transparency and information interventions, and introduction of private bailiff system |
|
Resolving insolvency |
Time, cost, outcome, and recovery rate for commercial insolvency and the strength of the legal framework for insolvency |
Improved (or simplified) restructuring procedures and insolvency process, improved provisions on treatment of contracts during insolvency, strengthened creditor rights, increased creditor participation in insolvency proceedings, time limits during insolvency procedures, mandatory qualifications for insolvency administrators, increased regulation of administrators, and specialized tribunal systems |