Promote attention to anticipatory adaptation to
long-run climate change.
Anticipatory actions, including spatial planning,
are critical for some aspects of long-run
climate change adaptation.
Original Response: Agreed: World Bank: Management will continue the work
that has been started to support climate-resilient
policies, analytics, and investments in IDA and
IBRD countries, funded by the Bank and through
trust funds. Some examples include work in urban/
coastal policies and planning activities underpinned
by analytical work and in infrastructure
investments (e.g. roads, ports, and energy distribution
infrastructure). In FY15-16, we will seek to
develop partnerships and mobilize funds to expand
such approaches to other sectors and policy areas
that would improve medium-long term climateresilient
development efforts in targeted partner
countries.
Action 5A: Convene a workshop of international experts to identify existing regulatory, land use planning, financial and market incentives, major gaps and challenges for anticipatory adaptation and options to overcome challenges from projected changes in climate. Synthesize best approaches, practices to address the long-term changes in various countries or vulnerable areas/sectors for anticipatory adaptation.
Baseline: No easily accessible knowledge to promote anticipatory adaptation.
Target: Attention to anticipatory adaptation promoted through synthesizing and sharing of best practices.
Timeline: FY14-17
Action 5B: A Practical manual on how to incorporate climate risk planning into spatial and multi-sectoral projects and long-term planning - including in urban areas - to help in long-term and anticipatory adaptation considerations.
Baseline: Predominant focus on ongoing impacts and adaptation and little on longer-term and transformational changes in policies and plans.
Target: A practical manual to help move to a longer-term and anticipatory adaptation decisions using analytical and risk assessment tools and available IT/software.
Timeline: End FY15
Action 5C: Combining diagnostic/analytical work with spatial planning in urban areas to minimize climate related risks and improve resilience.
Baseline: Limited practical experience in combining these aspects.
Target: Analytical and screening process combined with long-term urban planning in 3-5 cities.
Timeline: FY13-17
Action 5D: Policy dialogues on anticipatory adaptation and Climate Resilience Readiness held.
Baseline: Limited policy dialogues on the need for anticipatory adaptation.
Target: Policy dialogues conducted in select countries â especially LICs and SIDs.
Timeline: FY15-17
For this evaluation, the action plan items are not very ambitious in seeking to achieve the recommendation. The spirit of the recommendation was that it is not enough to focus just on incremental improvements to addressing the current climate risks: climate change will mean state changes in the long term, with inundation and changes in temperature and rainfall patterns making some places uninhabitable or unsuited to current behaviors. Yet, climate change adaptation discussions in the Bank still focus almost entirely on current adaptation deficits, with little space for addressing anticipatory adaptation to long run climate change. In the Bank "Climate risk" is often used as if it were equivalent to "climate change risk", but the former is usually used only to look at current threats from climate. This is understandable as focus rightly needs to be primarily on what is tangible in the near term, but there have been few cases where longer run issues are being addressed. Management updates in this MAR do not appear to have meaningfully distinguished between current and long run climate risks.
Regarding the specifics of the action plan:
5A: As noted in the 2015 IEG update, while useful in identifying some key issues and raising awareness, the workshop discussed in the Management update does not appear to have synthesized best approaches and practices to addressing long term climate change. The goal of the action plan item was to bring together international knowledge to identify key areas where change was needed for long-term climate adaptation, and to identify tangible steps for achieving these. The conclusion of the work shop identifying "the need for involving practitioners and experts in assessing risks and designing resilience measures" was already known. Neither Think Hazard nor the Climate risk screening tool have a specific focus on long run climate change both remain focused on current and near-term climate risks: considering climate risks in project planning and design is not the same thing as consider long term climate risks in project planning and design.
5B: This action has been completed. The "Confronting Climate Uncertainty in Water Resources Planning and Project Design: The Decision Tree Framework" paper mentioned in the Management update is the kind of manual envisioned in the recommendation and the action plan.
5C: The City Strength diagnostic tool aims to deal with long run resilience, including climate change risks. Yet this does not appear to have been widely adopted. The other examples mentioned in the management update do not appear to grapple with long term climate risks or shifts in urban planning.
5D: The Management Update does not provide information on the degree to which policy dialogues addressed long run climate change, beyond current climate risks. The Pacific Islands dialog discussed in earlier updates seemed closest to the intent of creating a platform to discuss long term issues, but the 2017 management update does not comment on whether this was achieved.
The recommendation is rated substantial, as roughly 50% of the action plan was achieved.
WBG reached all targets included in MAR 0254 (5A to 5D) by the end of FY16, but relevant activities that took place during FY17 and actions related to IEG update 2016 are summarized in the paragraphs below.
Regarding 5A, the target was reached in FY15 (see Management Update 2015). During FY17, however, WBG developed two additional internal and external websites to allow users access to best practices and tools to incorporate climate risk management into project activities. The first is the Climate and Disaster Risk Screening Tools (P163410) (https://wbclimatescreeningtools.worldbank.org/). The tools provide a systematic way of considering short- and long-term climate and disaster risks in project and national/sector planning processes in an anticipatory manner. Screening is an initial, but essential, step to ensure these risks are assessed and managed upstream to support mainstreaming of climate and disaster resilience into key development policies, programs and projects. The decision meeting for this deliverable was held in June 2017, and the website became operational in August 2017. The screening process has been enhanced to support the extension of the screening requirement to all IBRD/IDA operations as of July 1, 2017. Enhancements have been made for four initial sectors (Agriculture, Energy, Health, and Water) and include: (i) new sector specific data in the Climate Change Knowledge Portal that enhance users' ability to assess key climate risks under both current and future time frames. This includes a suite of sector level climate indices and sector dashboards, which provide visual, interactive and facilitated interpretation of climate information (ii) updated screening tools that have differentiated entry and exit points for sector projects and improved interfaces. Users have the choice between two approaches: a Rapid Screening Assessment, which provides a lightweight, rapid assessment of current and future climate and disaster risks, and an In-depth Screening Assessment, which provides a more guided and comprehensive assessment of risks. Both approaches provide users with risk reports that can be integrated in project documents and used to inform program or project design and (iii) sector screening guidance notes that provide an end-to-end roadmap of the screening process including links to sector specific resources. The second website is ThinkHazard (www.thinkhazard.org), which allows users to access country-based disaster-related information which encourages project planning, project design, and construction methods to take into account the risks of natural disasters and hazards. It includes a wide range of hazards such as floods, water scarcity, wild fire, and heatwaves. Available resources on ThinkHazard includes links to economic analysis, and in the case of Pakistan's river flood section, links such as the following are available: (i) Fiscal Disaster Risk Assessment Options for Consideration (ii) Analysis and evaluation of Flood risk management practice in selected megacities and (iii) Understanding the Economics of Flood Risk Reduction.
Regarding 5B, the two websites developed during FY17 includes practical information and tools which are intended to be support anticipatory adaptation decision during project planning and design. More broadly, syntheses have also been developed for how to address adaptation in particular sectors, with emphasis on long term climate change. Under the Climate and Disaster Resilience Programmatic Approach (P158601), a paper has been developed that provides a framework for integrating climate change and other future uncertainties into decision-making. The paper suggests state of the art methodologies and processes to integrate (climate, disaster, and other) risk management into World Bank operations, highlights core principles, and helps reconcile these approaches with the different assessments that are part of the project preparation cycle (e.g. project risk framework, the SORT, the economic analysis and the results framework). Building on this general paper, guidelines are being developed in different sectors. Guidelines for resilient urban water supply and sanitation utilities are currently being finalized. Guidelines for hydropower have also been developed, and the decision meeting will be held in November. In CY2018, these hydropower guidelines will be used to support the design of operations in Albania, Georgia, Nepal, Papua New Guinea, Tajikistan, among others. For the health sector, the Country Climate Change and Health Diagnostic (P163967) aims to create and pilot a systematic diagnostic to assess key climate and health risks facing a country and provide a methodological approach to address country capacity and readiness to manage them. The diagnostic for Madagascar was just completed and was designed to provide direct guidance for assessing capacity to manage climate-sensitive health and multi-sector risks, to improve risk management, and to link with investment. For the power sector, the Guidelines for Economic Analysis of Power Sector Projects provide guidance on how to use Decision Making under Uncertainty methodologies (including robust decision-making, real options analysis and probabilistic scenario analysis) to integrate climate risks into the economic analysis of power sector projects. For the transport sector, under the Climate and Disaster Resilient Transport in Small Island Developing States (P164157) Programmatic ASA, a Vision Report on Resilient Transport in SIDS was recently finalized. The report is based on the infrastructure life cycle approach and highlights opportunities to intervene and invest in better information, integration, and in innovation at each phase of the cycle so that planning and maintenance in transport systems can be improved in SIDS. The Report will be launched at COP23. At the country level, efforts are also being made to address long term climate change risks. The Fiji Climate Vulnerability Assessment was just completed and aims to quantify and enhance the understanding of the threat that natural hazards and climate change pose to the country's development plans and objectives. The analysis identifies threats that could jeopardize Fiji's development needs and opportunities, and the interventions that could minimize these threats. With regard to flood risk management and coastal protection, this includes the consideration of alternatives to hard protection, in particular nonstructural options such as investigation of land-use planning, minimum floor levels, and relocation of property from hazardous areas. In addition, the Bangladesh Livestock Development-based Dairy Revolution and Meat Production Project (P161246) aims to support small-holder farmers and agro-entrepreneurs to improve productivity, market integration, risk management, and resilience of selected livestock systems and value chains in target areas. Activities include the development of a Livestock Information System to track sector wide indicators and of a livestock insurance system. The project will help inform the Bangladesh Climate Smart Investment Plan (P164367), which aims to support agriculture sector planning, foster dialogue, and build client capacity and to operationalize country climate commitments for a productive, resilient, and low-emissions agriculture sector development in the short and medium/longer term. At the project level, the initiative on Results Monitoring and Evaluation for Resilience Building Operations (ReM&E) (P155632) aims to develop a systematic approach to M&E and increase the application of M&E for operations that build resilience to climate change and natural disasters. An internal Operational Guidance Note has been produced under this initiative, which synthesizes practical guidance for TTLs. The project has also supported a cross-GP exercise to develop sector-specific theories of change/results frameworks, and an overarching resilience results framework for SD operations. The Agriculture GP's progress is particularly noteworthy, as they have begun to integrate these frameworks and indicators into their operations. The framework has also been used to inform the M&E aspects of the Africa Climate Business Plan. IEG was involved with several aspects of advising on this resilience M&E initiative, including to share good practice examples of resilience indicator development, and co-sponsoring an internal/external workshop through IEG's Learning Fund.
The target for 5C is to combine climate-risk analytical and screening process to urban planning in 3-5 cities. Relevant activities that took place during FY17 include the following: (i) a paper was published which calculates the net present value of investments that increase the resilience of the Peruvian road network under many scenarios and identified the conditions which make investments profitable (ii) in Dar es Salaam, a project which is still underway, the costs and benefits of several resilience interventions will also be quantified under several scenarios to identify the most robust interventions, not only from an engineering perspective but also from an economic perspective and (iii) WBG is carrying out the task of evaluating the costs and benefits of different options to prepare for and manage future droughts for Lima's water utility, which is a part of a broader lending Optimization of Lima Water and Sewerage Systems (P117293). In addition, the CityStrength Diagnostic was developed to help cities understand their exposure to risks, level of resilience, and the performance of urban systems while facilitating a dialogue among stakeholders&mdash such as different levels of government, civil society, residents, and the private sector. It has been piloted in multiple contexts &ndash at the city level in Can Tho, Vietnam and Addis Ababa, Ethiopia at the national level in 10 additional regional capitals in Ethiopia and at the metropolitan level in 16 municipalities in the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area. As a final example, the recently initiated CityCORE Africa project, aims to improve the resilience of selected coastal cities in Sub-Saharan Africa, by enabling coastal resilience policies and investments through improved knowledge on climate and disaster risk, institutional capacity diagnostics and stakeholder dialogues. In pilot cities, the project will deliver packages of technical, financial and policy engagement proposals to mobilize in-depth technical works to leverage city coastal resilience investments and policies.
The target for 5D calls for policy dialogues on anticipatory adaptation and climate resilience, especially in LICs and SIDs. Relevant activities that took place during FY17 include the dialogue associated with the SCD/CPF process, in which CCG staff had engagement in the process from draft zero/concept note stage in countries such as Morocco, Zambia, Timor-Leste, Solomon Islands, Papua New Guinea, Djibouti, Niger, Armenia, South Africa, Benin, Nepal, Somalia, Cabo Verde and Thailand. Long term climate change needs have also been integrated in country SCDs/CPFs through CCG involvement. For example, a 2017 IEG evaluation (World Bank Group Country Engagement: <em style="font-size: 9pt ">An Early-Stage Assessment of the Systematic Country Diagnostic and Country Partnership Framework Processing and Implementation, IEG, WBG, 2017) ranked the Bangladesh SCD and CPF (FY16-FY20) as best practice in responding to government priorities on climate change, and responding directly to the existential threat climate change poses to the country. The third pillar in the CPF on "Vulnerability, Adaptation and Inclusion" identifies "climate and environmental management" as a key priority. Subsequently, the CPF identifies several World Bank Group activities that focus on boosting Bangladesh's resilience to climate change and natural disasters for example, improving the management of water infrastructure, and promoting agricultural productivity with climate-smart agricultural practices. The CPF presents a clear opportunity for the Government of Bangladesh to improve the country's climate change resilience, and offers a starting point for a dialogue with the government. Likewise, the Results Framework in the CPF identifies a number of adaptation/resilience lending and AAA, which are currently in the pipeline and under implementation. As another example, the Sri Lanka SCD and CPF (FY17-FY20) also clearly prioritize the long-term climate change needs of the country. The third pillar of the CPF addresses and expands on the climate change priority identified under the sustainability pillar of the SCD on "managing the impact of climate change through adaptation, mitigation, and strategies that reduce the country's carbon footprint". The CPF highlights the Bank's engagement on climate "to enhance, resilience and reduce the vulnerability of people and assets to natural disasters, climate variability, extreme weather events, and long-term climate changes". This objective, offers an opportunity for the Bank to trigger a dialogue with the Government of Sri Lanka and to link Sri Lanka's long-term climate needs to a clear policy framework, which would holistically address the issue of climate change. An example of where policy dialogue is underway is in the Climate Resilience Improvement Project (CRIP) (P146314) of Sri Lanka, where the objective is to reduce the vulnerability of people and assets exposed to climate risk and to improve the Government's capacity to respond effectively to disasters. In addition, the Uganda SCD identifies climate change impacts, e.g., increasing temperatures, precipitation, and their effects on specific sectors, e.g., agriculture, natural resources and water management. The CPF (FY16-FY21) emphasizes the need for improved management of Uganda's natural resources and climate change adaptation measures to increase sustainability and resilience. The Government of Uganda has expressed a need for support in addressing climate change, and this has been prioritized in the CPF. In order to meet these long-term needs and in relation to the CPF's focus on strengthening resilience, the Bank will support the development of a resilient landscape program including integrated water and forest resources management plans for key catchments to mitigate the effects of climate change, promote water for production, and expand the use of irrigation to alleviate the impact of dry years. The Bank will also ensure that investments in infrastructure development are climate-proof. Meanwhile, the Bank will continue to support technical advice to strengthen adaptation to climate change and support Uganda to access various climate change knowledge platforms to build knowledge and capacity on climate change. There are a number of related projects in the pipeline, one of which is Supporting Climate Resilient Growth (P149780) with the objective of integrating climate risks and opportunities for Uganda's development through a set of strategic activities aimed at: (i) building climate understanding and awareness (ii) providing analytical support for climate resilient planning and design and (iii) identifying an investment roadmap for climate-resilient green growth in Uganda. (For further details related to SCD/CPF process, please refer to MAR#1 report). Additional examples of project level dialogues also include: (i) dialogues with the Bangladesh government as part of the Climate-Resilient Power Systems Planning project(P159094) and (ii) decision making under uncertainty (DMU) methods used in the economic analysis to demonstrate the economic robustness of a coastal protection project in the Marshall Islands. Longer term climate needs are also being assessed and outlined through the PPCR process, in alignment with the NDC and SCD processes and multiple financing partners (e.g. GCF, GEF, FAO). These have included extensive policy dialogue and stakeholder consultation processes, to identify high priority investments to mainstream resilience at scale. Of the 10 new PPCR countries, the Strategic Programs for Climate Resilience (SPCRs) for Ethiopia and Uganda have been approved by the CIF committee, with a further 8 country programs (Bhutan, Honduras, Madagascar, Malawi, Philippines, Rwanda, Kyrgyzstan and the Gambia) to be approved in Dec. 2017. Finally, the flagship report on climate migration forthcoming in early CY2018 looks closely into internal migration induced by the impacts of slow-onset climate change. It is a pioneering and game changing study that assesses how key climate impacts may reconfigure internal migration within countries and calls for anticipatory and transformative adaptation. Besides regional level analysis for Sub-Saharan Africa, South American and South Asia, the flagship includes deep dives for three countries &ndash Bangladesh, Ethiopia and Mexico.
The Bank is prioritizing climate change adaptation and a number of efforts are underway that will help to support consideration of climate risks into operational design, but it is not clear the extent to which these consider anticipatory adaptation to the major long run climate shifts, rather than focusing on current incremental improvements to existing adaptation deficits for climate variability. Because of the difficulty of this task, work remains mostly at a process stage rather than being able to demonstrate a shift in operational design or policy dialog, except in a small number of examples.
IEG cannot yet determine whether the climate risk screening mandate and tool is likely to encourage consideration of long-run climate change issues. The management update does not give examples of projects or programs that are being designed differently because of a consideration of long term climate risks, including whether or not construction/development will take place in high hazard areas. An ongoing IEG learning engagement may help to shed light on this question. However, the tools mentioned are likely to be the first step in a chain that might support behavioral changes and operational design in future.
The Pacific Possible study is an important flagship report for the Pacific Islands, considering a range of development challenges including a specific report on climate and disaster risks http://pubdocs.worldbank.org/en/720371469614841726/PACIFIC-POSSIBLE-Cli… . The reportâs policy conclusions note that managing sea level rise through coastal protection is not economically feasible, raising the policy question of setting priorities for which areas should be protected, and noting that planned retreat may be a cost-effective form of adaptation strategy. Though the report does not explicitly address strategies of substantial land use change, or internal or external migration in a climate change context, broaching the question of prioritization and managed retreat is likely to support follow-up policy dialog around the hard choices posed by long term climate change. This is the type of work that could also be usefully carried out in other contexts.
In terms of specific actions:
The action on establishing best practices on land use planning, financial and market incentives to manage long-term climate risks has not been carried out, but elements of it are embedded in for example the advice given in the ThinkHazard tool.
The action on producing a manual for incorporating climate risks has been completed.
The action on spatial planning in urban areas has been completed in at least one city, and could be continued elsewhere.
As highlighted in 2015 management update, the work using DMU methodologies and CityStrength considers adaptation options in response to long-term climate change. In addition, the work under "Pacific Possible" and the special paper on "Climate and Disaster Resilience" has focused on specific sectors (Agriculture, Water, Buildings, Infrastructure and coastal areas) to highlight the need for consideration of climate change up to 2030s as well as in the later part of the century. It has highlighted the need for actions on resilience now, considering the interaction between current activities (e.g. sand mining or development too close to the coast) and effects of climate change and show-cases the importance of risk-based spatial planning to ensure that assets and people are not in high hazard areas. The paper has been shared with the Pacific Island Countries (PICs), regional organizations, bilateral donors and will be presented to various meetings to inform policy dialogues in July-October 2016.
The ThinkHazard tool (see update under Action 249) as well as the screening tools have also emphasized the need to consider long-term changes in climate to projects and the teams through the IDA requirement and soon to be IBRD requirements to consider short- and long-term climate risk and ensure that assets and people are not going to be put in high hazard areas, that is ensuring anticipatory adaptation is being considered. This is a major change to the Bank's work.
The work to better incorporate climate variability and change and the associated impacts in power system planning is continuing. It is a collaborative effort with researchers from the John Hopkins University and will use Bangladesh as a case study to identify key requirements to successfully mainstream climate change including: a) technical capacity requirements (e.g. modeling expertise, climate information services) and b) key policy requirements and institutional arrangements (e.g. linking hydromet agencies with power sector planners and utilities). Such work will inform consideration of short and long-term risks from climate change but in some case (e.g. Tonga), also geohazards.
The work reported last year and under Action 0252 in this update also continues to influence consideration of anticipatory adaptation.
The IEG recommendation emphasized the need to think about anticipatory adaptation for long-run climate change, in addition to efforts that address current climate variability. The recommendation specified a range of specific ways in which attention to anticipatory adaptation could be promoted: in country assistance/partnership strategies for countries vulnerable to climate change, in large-scale projects and programs in areas vulnerable to climate change, and in interventions that attempt to influence spatial development patterns (see for example evaluation page xxv).
5A: While useful in identifying some key issues and raising awareness, the workshop discussed in the Management update does not appear to have synthesized best approaches and practices to addressing long term climate change. The goal of the action plan item was to bring together international knowledge to identify key areas where change was needed for long-term climate adaptation, and to identify tangible steps for achieving these. The need for involving practitioners and experts in assessing risks and designing resilience measures was already known.
5B: This action has been completed. The "Confronting Climate Uncertainty in Water Resources Planning and Project Design: The Decision Tree Framework" paper mentioned in the Management update is the kind of manual envisioned in the recommendation and the action plan. It builds on the IEG evaluation's findings on the lack of success of climate modeling to inform climate decisions, and proposes a practical alternative approach aimed at project managers.
http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/…
5C: The CityStrength diagnostic tool aims to deal with long run resilience, including climate change risks. The Can Tho case study identified the threats posed by flooding and the need to more proactively guide urban growth to areas with lower flood risk. This kind of long-term urban planning is also needed in other cities.
Based on a brief review of Climate Smart Agriculture country profiles, the profiles will likely be useful tools for agricultural support services in the targeted countries, but it is not clear the extent to which these are grappling with long-run anticipatory adaptation. The climate-smart agriculture practices addressed in the profiles are general good practice agricultural techniques that also help adapt to climate variability risks, but it is not clear that they are adaptive strategies to the kind of state shifts that may be brought on by long-term climate change.
5D: The Management Update does not provide information on policy dialogues on anticipatory adaptation.
A range of activities are promoting attention to anticipated climate risks and the need to consider putting resilience measures, especially in long-lived infrastructure and land use planning.
An international workshop of experts was held in April 2014 and showed that consideration of long-term risks requires attention to the need for land and water-resource planning, adds an urgency to address the current inefficiencies of resource use. These actions are amongst the highest incentives for public and private sector. The workshop also concluded that the increasing variability, well beyond the current norms, needs to be taken into account for medium and long-term decisions especially for water, agriculture and urban planning. The workshop highlighted the need for practitioners and experts from a range of sectors and with extensive experience in climate change and ability to communicate effectively need to be involved in assessing the range of risks over different time-frames and design resilience measures. Such multi-sectoral approach needs to institutionalized to ensure continued and sustained effort and ability to change actions as and when needed. A Bank-wide seminar as part of the workshop, attended by 80 staff, also enabled these conclusions to be shared amongst many GP staff.
"Confronting Climate Uncertainty in Water Resources Planning and Project Design: The Decision Tree Framework" was published in Aug 2015. It provides resource-limited project planners and program managers with a cost-effective and scientifically defensible method for demonstrating the robustness of a project to climate change. It adopts a "bottom-up" approach to risk assessment that aims at a thorough understanding of a project's vulnerabilities to climate change in the context of other non-climate uncertainties. This participatory approach also promotes attention to future long-term climate risks and thus resilience measures that should be put into place now.
"Enhancing the Climate Resilience of Africa's Infrastructure" was completed in FY15, and provides methodological approaches to prepare climate-resilient development plans in the power and water sectors. A dedicated report within this program evaluates the impacts of climate change on hydro-power and irrigation expansion plans in Africa's main river basins (Niger, Senegal, Volta, Congo, Nile, Zambezi, and Orange). Despite the large uncertainty on whether drier or wetter conditions will prevail in the future in Africa, the report finds that by modifying existing investment plans to explicitly handle the risk of large climate swings, can cut in half, or more, the cost by building infrastructure on the basis of the climate of the past. Similar analysis is being extended to the road transport sector and is expected to be completed in early FY16.
5C: The CityStrength Diagnostic Tool was developed to help World Bank staff apply a more holistic approach to urban resilience to operations. The approach considers a multitude of shocks and stresses, beyond natural and climate change hazards. It has been piloted in two cities: Can Tho, Vietnam (June 2014) and Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (February 2015). There are plans for a third pilot in Colombo, Sri Lanka in early 2016. The CityStrength Diagnostic implementation in Can Tho resulted in a $250 million urban resilience project that is currently in preparation. Across these two pilots, several benefits of the diagnostic include: Client Relationship Inclusion Development Impact and Business Development. CityStrength enables a more internally coordinated approach from the World Bank Group vis a vis the local government. It is an opportunity to bring a multi-sectoral team together to support local leadership in an integrated way, rather than sector by sector. Inclusion. The tools encourages a wider appreciation by sectoral specialists of issues in other sectors and how they relate or influence their own sectors. This learning applies to both the World Bank team and the counterpart technical staff. CityStrength produces an output a prioritized set of recommendations that enables the World Bank specialists to develop proposals for follow-on support to the city.
The CityStrength methodological guidebook, published in May 2015, is designed for use by world Bank task teams who are implementing the diagnostic in a client city.
5C: A methodology on Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) at the country level has been developed. The country profiles provide a visual overview of the degree of climate-smartness of the most important production systems in a country, identifying good practices and potential for improvement. CSA profiles have been completed or ongoing for 18 countries in LAC, Africa, and South Asia. The profiles will help inform prioritization of investment in CSA.
5D: A knowledge product that distills lessons learned from the design and early implementation stages of the PPCR has been developed and disseminated. It includes country specific examples. The lessons learned is expected to be useful in development of the Strategic Program for Climate resilience or investment plans for the 10 new PPCR countries recently added to the program. The publication can be accessed at http://www.climateinvestmentfunds.org/cif/sites/climateinvestmentfunds….
The IEG recommendation emphasized the need to think about anticipatory adaptation for long-run climate change, as opposed to efforts that address current climate variability. The recommendation specified a range of specific ways in which attention to anticipatory adaptation could be promoted: in country assistance/partnership strategies for countries vulnerable to climate change, in large-scale projects and programs in areas vulnerable to climate change, and in interventions that attempt to influence spatial development patterns (see for example evaluation page xxv). The management update does not address these areas.
The items identified in the management action plan are still in the initial or planning stages and are not ready to assess.
Action 5A: A workshop with international experts has yet to be planned due to demand on staff working on climate resilient development and the resource availability. With the recruitment of additional staff, especially in the climate change policy team, such work is programmed for FY15 and is also anticipated to draw on the âBuilding Resilienceâ report completed in November 2013, the lesson learned captured through the PPCR process.
----------------
Action 5B: A guidebook describing the CityStrength Diagnostic methodology is planned to be developed based on the experiences of its implementation in a few pilot cities.
More work is being planned.
---------------
Action 5C: The CityStrength Diagnostic tool helps engage urban planners, identify priority actions and investments to strengthen urban systems. It helps identify priority actions or investments that will enhance the resilience of the city as well as to transform planned projects into projects that will also build resilience. To date, the Diagnostic tool was tested in Vietnam in June 2014. It helped city officials consider multiple risks including that from climate change as part of urban development. The Diagnostic helped initiate a dialogue between departments and encouraged cooperation between city officials. A guidebook describing the CityStrength Diagnostic methodology will be developed based as the tool is tested in other cities that have not yet been determined.---------------
Action 5D: Work is in early stages in various countries as part of operations and has also been an integral part of the work supported through PPCR. This includes Vietnam, Zambia, Pacific islands (e.g. Samoa, Vanuatu, Solomon Islands), Caribbean (e.g. Belize, Jamaica, Haiti). Work will continue in the coming years.