This evaluation was prepared by an Independent Evaluation Group team led by Jenny Gold, senior evaluation officer, and Mercedes Vellez, evaluation officer, under the overall direction of Alison Evans, Director-General, Evaluation, and with the guidance and supervision of Galina Sotirova, manager, Corporate and Human Development, and Oscar Calvo-Gonzalez, director, Human Development and Economic Management.

Santiago Ramirez Rodriguez, a core evaluation team member, was responsible for the portfolio review and the econometric analysis (appendixes D and I). Michael Premson supported the use of machine learning to identify the portfolio, and the Endeavour Programme team conducted artificial intelligence topic modeling. Rocio Garabito supported coding of the portfolio.

Case studies were conducted by Richard Anson, April Connelly, Judith Gaubatz, Jenny Gold, Aliza Inbal, Victor Malca, Denise Vaillancourt, and Mercedes Vellez, with support from Jean-Jacques Ahouansou, Chefou Balla, Mulusew Gerbaba, Umi Hanik, Hamani Harouna, Zione Kalumikiza, Ventura Mufume, Felix Muramutsa, Evelyne Ndipondjou, Huguette Noromiadana, Epimaque Nsanzabaganwa, Denise Van Wissen, and Helder Zavale.

Andrea Spray prepared the systematic review map (appendix B); the team is grateful to Ann Flanagan for her comments on an early draft. Dawn Roberts prepared the behavior change analysis (appendixes C and E) and the stocktaking on multidimensional approaches (appendix H); Brian Allen, Salim Habayeb, and Bjorn Ljungqvist supported the analysis. Ryoko Sato supported the heat map analysis (appendix F).

Estelle Raimondo provided overall methods support, and Qihui Chen provided advice on the heat map and econometric analysis. Jean-Jacques Ahouansou provided administrative support to the team. William Hurlbut edited the report, and Sharon Fisher provided design and editorial support.

External reviewers for this evaluation were Shawn Baker, chief nutritionist at the United States Agency for International Development, and former director of nutrition at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and vice president for Africa at Helen Keller International; Professor James Levinson, former professor at Boston University, Friedman School of Nutrition at Tufts University, Harvard University, and University of Massachusetts Amherst, and former director of nutrition at Tufts University International Food and Nutrition Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and United States Agency for International Development; Dr. Bruno Marchal, evaluation methods expert at the Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp; and Dr. Olivia Yambi, currently cochair of the International Panel of Experts on Sustainable Food Systems, and former United Nations Children’s Fund regional nutrition adviser for Eastern and Southern Africa and representative in India, Kenya, and Lao People’s Democratic Republic.

The team is grateful to all the staff who generously shared documents, insights, and experiences and engaged with us throughout the evaluation. Thanks are due to the country offices of Ethiopia, Indonesia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Nicaragua, Niger, and Rwanda for their support during the case studies.